Immunogenic Effect

Concentrated, sustained targeted delivery of large surface area microparticles (LSAMs) results in persistent direct tumor kill causing a pronounced immunogenic response with preliminary signs of secondary immune-mediated tumor kill.

Clinical Examples of Increased Immune Response in Pancreatic Cancer

Immune characterization: Increased tumor infiltration of CD4+ Helper T and CD8+ Cytotoxic T cells into the tumor following NanoPac® injections

Pre-Injection Biopsy

10858930-02, R000

Surgical Resection

10858934-03, R007

CD3+ CD4+ CD8+ PanCK: T helper cells are in yellow and T cytotoxic cells are in magenta

ROI selected based on maximum density of CD8+ T Cells

Immune characterization in a subject with no evidence of primary tumor resection

Favorable changes in innate and adaptive immunity following IT NanoPac® treatment

  • Increase in CD4+ Helper T, CD8+ Cytotoxic T cells (including PD-1+), Memory Tregs in TME
  • Decrease in PD-L1+ Tumor Cells
  • Decrease in Myeloid, MDSC
  • Increase in tumor-associated NK Cells
Preclinical Example of IT NanoDoce® ± IO Combination Treatment

Metastatic Breast Cancer (4T1-Luc) treated with IT NanoDoce systemic anti-mPD-L1 combo or IT NanoDoce & systemic anti‑mCTLA‑4

IT NanoDoce: 50 mg/kg; Q4D x 4
IP anti-mPD-L1: 10 mg/kg Q3Dx2; 3, QDx1
IP anti-mCTLA-4: 10 mg/kg (Q3Dx2; 3) x2

Preclinical Examples of Increased Immune Response

Bladder Cancer (UMUC-3/Mice) Treated with
Intratumoral NanoDoce

F4-80 brown stain shows macrophages in and around dead and dying tumor. Negative control shows viable tumor cells.
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Bladder Cancer (UMUC-3/Mice) Treated with Intratumoral NanoDoce F4-80 brown stain shows macrophages in and around dead and dying tumor. Negative control shows viable tumor cells.

Negative Control

Bladder Cancer (UMUC-3/Mice) Treated with
Intratumoral NanoDoce

CD16 brown stain shows admixture of natural killers, macrophages, monocytes in and around dead and dying tumor. Negative control shows viable tumor cells.

Bladder Cancer (UMUC-3/Mice) Treated with Intratumoral NanoDoce CD16 brown stain shows admixture of natural killers, macrophages, monocytes around in and around dead and dying tumor. Negative control shows viable tumor cells.

Negative Control

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Calu-3/Rat) Treated with Inhaled NanoPac
CD11b brown stain shows admixture of natural killers, macrophages, dendritic cells in and around dead and dying tumor. Negative control shows viable tumor cells.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Calu-3/Rat) Treated with Inhaled NanoPac CD11b brown stain shows admixture of natural killers, macrophages, dendritic cells in and around dead and dying tumor. Negative control shows viable tumor cells.

Negative Control


References:  Maulhardt et al, Cancers, 2019.  Verco et al, JAMPDD, 2019. NanOlogy internal data, 2015-2022.